Toba Tek Singh was developed by the end of the 19th Century when a canal system was built. People from all over the Punjab region moved there as farmlands were allotted to them. Most of the people who migrated there came from Lahore, Jalandhar or Hoshiarpur.
Toba Tek Singh is located in central Punjab and occupies 3252 square kilometres and is made up of large areas of lowlands that flood frequently during the rainy season; the floods originate from the Ravi River that runs along the southern and southeastern borders.
According to the 2008 estimate the city had 1.39 million inhabitants.
Kamalia Tehsil is administratively subdivided into 26 Union Councils, six of which are from the town of Kamalia, including Bairoon Kamalia.
In the 4th century, the ruler of this place was Raja Surcup who had managed a boundary wall around his city. This fort was well known after the name of Raja Sarcup, a cruel and cunning ruler. Later the founded city was named after chief Khan Kamal Khan Kharal, in the 14th Century and was, historically, known as "Kot Kamalia". During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 it was one of the sites of an uprising by the local people, who held it for a week. In 1901, Kamalia had a population of 6,976. Kamalia was historically part of the erstwhile district and tehsil of Montgomery (Sahiwal), Punjab.